關于開齋節放假的通知

　　京族字〔2016〕21號

　　北京市民族事務委員會關于開齋節放假的通知

　　各區人民政府，市政府各委、辦、局、總公司，各人民團體，各高等院校:

　　7月6日(星期三)是回族、維吾爾族、哈薩克族、烏孜別克族、塔吉克族、柯爾克孜族、塔塔爾族、保安族、撒拉族、東鄉族十個少數民族的傳統節日“開齋節”。根據京政發〔1980〕66號文件和《北京市少數民族權益保障條例》規定，上述十個少數民族的職工放假一天并照發工資。確因工作需要，在開齋節當天上班的應給予補假。請各區人民政府、市政府各委、辦、局、總公司，各人民團體、企事業單位遵照執行。如遇例行假日、廠休日等不再補假。

　　北京市民族事務委員會

　　6月6日

　　下面，小編就來詳細的給大家介紹一下這個節日。

　　什么是開齋節?

　　What is Eid al-Fitr?

　　開齋節一般在齋月結束的時候舉行。關于齋月，也就是伊斯蘭歷第九個月，又叫“萊麥丹月”，顧名思義，就是教徒守齋的月份。在齋月期間，教徒們在一天的日出到日落之間是不得飲食的，只有到傍晚才能吃簡單清淡的晚餐。

　　齋月的開始和結束以新月的出現為標志，因此齋月的起始和終止日期每年都不同，因而開齋節作為齋月的末尾，每年的日期也不一樣。

　　Eid al-Fitr is a religious holiday marking the end of Ramadan, the Islamic holy month of fasting. During Ramadan, Muslims are not allowed to eat or drink from sunrise to sunset.

　　The date for the start of Eid al-Fitr varies based on the observation of the new moon by local religious authorities, so the exact day of celebration varies by locality.

　　開齋節的起源

　　The Origins of Eid al-Fitr

　　關于這個節日的起源，有這樣一個傳說。根據《圣訓》阿納薩傳述，先知默罕默德遷徙到麥地那后，看到當地人在依據舊日慣，在特定的兩天來舉行慶祝民間活動，自娛自樂。穆罕默德就告訴他們，根據真主啟示，這兩個節會會用更好的日子來替代，一個是奉獻犧牲的日子，一個是結束齋戒的日子。這兩個節日后來就分別成了古爾邦節和開齋節。

　　According to a legend from Anas, when the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca arrived in Medina, he found people celebrating two specific days in which they used to entertain themselves with recreation and merriment. The Prophet then said that the Almighty has fixed two days for Muslims, which are more appropriate dates for celebration--Eid al-Fitr and Eid al-Adha.

　　開齋節的俗

　　Customs of Eid al-Fitr

　　穆斯林群眾們一般會用兩到三天的時間來慶祝開齋節。他們會在拂曉就早早起床，先給自家的房屋大院來一次徹徹底底的大掃除，直至全面干凈整潔，一塵不染。之后，他們會沐浴凈身，換上自己喜愛的衣服，收拾的整整齊齊，干凈利索。

　　之后，他們會從四面八方聚集到當地的清真寺，進行嚴肅的祈禱叩拜活動。

　　此外，一些穆斯林群眾還會慷慨解囊，給那些需要幫助的人們施以援助，目的是“扶貧濟困，凈化心靈”。

　　Eid al-Fitr is celebrated for one, two or three days.

　　Typically, practicing Muslims wake up early in the morning and thoroughly clean their rooms and courtyards. Then, they will take a shower before prayer, put on new clothes, and put on perfume or scented water.

　　After that, Muslims will attend the prayer ceremony at the local mosque.

　　Along with the prayer customs, Muslims often go out around this time and give money to the poor and needy.

　　另外，開齋節也少不了一些美食。不同地方的穆斯林群眾會制作不同的食品。中東地區的人會做一些糖果甜點，而馬來西亞等地的群眾則會做竹筒飯。

　　Muslims will also celebrate by eating traditional foods and sweet desserts. This is done throughout the Middle East, but differs in other Muslim areas of the world. In Malaysia, for instance, it is customary for Muslims to eat bamboo-tube rice during Eid al-Fatr.

　　在中國，特別是回族人民，他們會吃一些極具節日的食品，最有名的當屬“馓子”和“油香”這兩種點心了。

　　In China, Muslims, especially those from the Hui ethnic group, often eat 'Sanzi', a deep-fried dough twist, or 'Youxiang', a flour-and-salt cake fried in sesame oil.

　　看世界各地如何慶祝開齋節

　　Celebrations of Eid al-Fitr Around the World

　　巴基斯坦卡拉奇街頭，穆斯林群眾在舉行祈禱活動，慶祝開齋節。

　　Pakistani devotees offer Eid prayers at the start of the Eid al-Fitr holiday marking the end of Ramadan outside a mosque in Karachi on July 18, 2015.

　　菲律賓達義市，穆斯林民眾在慶祝開齋節，一些兒童在舉行極具的跳布袋比賽。

　　Muslim children compete in sack races during the Eid-al-Fitr celebration in the city of Taguig, just south of Manila, Philippines, on July 18, 2015.

　　中國西寧，當地的穆斯林民眾在東關清真大寺內舉行祈禱活動，慶祝開齋節。

　　Muslims pray during Eid al-Fitr, which marks the end of Ramadan, at Dongguan Mosque in Xining, capital of northwest China's Qinghai Province, on July 17, 2015.

　　科特迪瓦首都阿比讓，穆斯林群眾在當地的一座清真寺內舉行祈禱活動，慶祝開齋節。

　　Musilms pray in front of the Adjame mosque during Eid al-Fitr, marking the end of the fasting month of Ramadan, in Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire on July 17, 2015.

　　意大利薩盧佐，當地的穆斯林群眾在一座體育館內舉行祈禱活動，慶祝開齋節。

　　People pray during Eid al-Fitr marking the end of the fasting month of Ramadan in a gymnasium in Saluzzo, near Turin, Italy, on July 17, 2015.

　　敘利亞首都大馬士革米丹區，為慶祝開齋節，當地的三名廚師正在大顯身手，制作甜點。

　　Three chefs from the Midan Neighborhood of Damascus, Syria, make special pastries in celebration of Eid al-Fitr on July 17, 2015.

　　伊拉克埃爾比勒，一座清真寺外，當地穆斯林群眾正在分發糖果和各種干果，慶祝開齋節。

　　During the Eid al-Fitr, sweets and dry fruits are distributed outside a mosque on July 17, 2015 in Erbil, Iraq.

　　菲律賓首都馬尼拉，穆斯林群眾聚集在金頂清真寺外的街道上，舉行開齋節祈禱活動。

　　Muslims pray in the street outside the Golden Mosque in Manila, Philippines, to mark Eid al-Fitr on July 17, 2015.

　　印尼泗水，一位婦女正在出售傳統的東南亞食品??馬來粽，這種食品和竹筒飯一樣，常見于東南亞地區歡慶開齋節的場合。

　　A woman sells ketupat, a comPssed rice cake, as a celebratory dish for Eid Al-Fitr on July 17, 2015 in Surabaya, Indonesia.

　　印度阿加爾塔拉，當地民眾制作一種名為Pitha的傳統食物來慶祝開齋節，這是一種用大米做成的甜食。

　　A Muslim woman makes 'Pitha', a rice-based dessert, to usher in the Eid Al-Fitr celebration on July 16, 2015, in Agartala, Tripura, India.